Regular water testing is absolutely critical to ensure the continued heath of your fish. Ammonia and nitrites levels can rise rapidly even in an established tank often catching out even the most experienced aquarium keeper.
Ammonia Testing for ammonia is vital as it is extremely toxic to fish. When setting up a new aquarium ammonia levels will be elevated as the tank becomes established and well require regular monitoring. Even mature tanks without regular water changes or poorly maintain filters can experience high ammonia levels. In an established tank try and perform and record the ammonia levels at least once a month. Always test for ammonia we you have sick fish, or sudden fish death.
pH Incorrect pH levels is a frequent cause of fish stress and even loss. Most species of fish cannot tolerate sudden changes in pH. One factor for swings in pH is the buffering capability of your water. If your water pH changes suddenly, or drifts regularly over time, you should check the KH (Carbonate Hardness) of the water.
Nitrite While establishing a new aquarium Nitrite levels will soar and can lead to fish stress or death. Even mature aquariums will experience mini-cycles from time to time. When you do your monthly testing for ammonia also check for nitrite at the same time. A rise in Nitrite indicates a problem is developing in the aquarium.
Nitrate Although Nitrates are not as toxic as Ammonia or Nitrites they must be monitored to avoid unnecessary stress to the fish. Nitrates can also be a source of algae problems. Nitrates will rise over time and can only be eliminated via water changes. Monthly tests are important - particularly when breeding fish, as young fish are more sensitive to Nitrates than adult fish.
Phosphate Phosphates are a nutrient for algae and increased levels will encourage algae growth. Excessive feeding with lower quality foods high in phosphates can increase levels in the aquarium. There are filtering materials available that remove phosphates.
